Maslow's theory of Motivation

22. According to Maslow's needs hierarchy model, physiological needs are the desire for prestige and esteem.

ANS: F

physiological needs are the desire for food, water, air, and shelter.

Motivation Concepts

23. According to Maslow's needs hierarchy model, security needs are the desire for safety, stability, and absence of pain, threat, or illness.

ANS: T


24. According to Maslow's needs hierarchy model, self-safety needs are the desire for safety, stability, and absence of pain, threat, or illness.


ANS: F

Security needs are the desire for safety, stability, and absence of pain, threat, or illness.

25. According to Maslow's needs hierarchy model, esteem needs are the desire for good food, clothing, and shelter.

ANS: F

Esteem needs are the desire for feelings of achievement, self-worth and recognition or respect.


26. According to Maslow's needs hierarchy model, esteem needs are the desire for friendship, love, and a feeling of belonging.

ANS: F

This describes affiliation needs. Esteem needs are the desires for feelings of achievement, self-worth, and recognition or respect.

Motivation Concepts

One challenge of motivating employees is that needs have a dynamic nature

16. One challenge of motivating employees is that needs have a dynamic nature.


ANS: T

17. One of the challenges of motivating employees is that there are considerable differences in individuals’ motivations and in the energy with which individuals respond to them.

ANS: T

18. The need structure on an individual tends to be dynamic; the various needs, desires, and expectations that motivate an employee will tend to change over time, and may even conflict with each other.

ANS: T

19. Most employees are motivated by the same things.


ANS: F


Significant individual differences typically characterize employee's motivations.

20. Research suggests that managers tend to apply more pressure to a person if they feel the person is deliberately not performing up to their expectations due to internal, controllable events.

ANS: T


21. The needs hierarchy model is the most widely recognized model of motivation.

ANS: T

Culture is the dominant pattern of living

61. In Diversity Competency: Aetna’s Diverse Discoveries Program, Ron Williams, the chairman and CEO of Aetna, says that he sees diversity as a strategic business advantage.

ANS: T

62. In Diversity Competency: Aetna’s Diverse Discoveries Program, employees get an initial training session in diversity training, but they don’t continue this training in future years at the company.

ANS: F

Each year, every Aetna employee completes web-based diversity training.


AACSB Diversity | Individual Dynamics 

63. The across cultures competency includes the knowledge, skills, and abilities to recognize and embrace similarities and differences among nations and cultures.

ANS: T

64. Culture is a pattern of beliefs that is automatically transmitted to other human beings.

ANS: F

Culture is the dominant pattern of living, thinking, and believing that is developed and transmitted by people, consciously or unconsciously, to subsequent generations.

Diversity | Individual Dynamics

65. Culture is the dominant pattern of living, thinking, and believing that is developed and transmitted by people, consciously or unconsciously, to subsequent generations.


ANS: T 

AACSB Diversity | Individual Dynamics



66. For a culture to exist, it must be shared by the vast majority of the members of a major group or entire society, be passed on from generation to generation, and shape perceptions, judgments, and feelings as well as subsequent decisions and behavior.


ANS: T P

AACSB Diversity | Individual Dynamics

Group Dynamics and Individual Dynamics

43. The self competency includes the knowledge, skills, and abilities to value unique individual and group characteristics, embrace such characteristics as potential sources of organizational strength, and appreciate the uniqueness of each individual.

ANS: F

This is the diversity competency.

 Individual Dynamics

44. One of the key attribute of the diversity competency is fostering an environment of inclusion with people who possess characteristics different from themselves.

ANS: T 

 Diversity | Individual Dynamics


45. In organizations, each person can be classified by primary categories alone, such as gender.


ANS: F

The more common categories of diversity in organizations are typically subdivided into primary categories and secondary categories. Primary categories are genetic characteristics and secondary categories are learned characteristics.


46. Primary categories of diversity refer to genetic characteristics that affect a person's self-image and socialization.


ANS: T  Individual Dynamics


47. Secondary categories of diversity refer to learned characteristics that a person acquires and modifies throughout life.


ANS: T 

Diversity | Individual Dynamics


48. Primary categories of diversity refer to learned characteristics that a person acquires and modifies throughout life.


ANS: F

Primary categories of diversity refer to genetic characteristics that affect a person's self-image and socialization.

Individual Dynamics

Managers need to be trained in how to administer a performance review

79. Managers typically do not need to be trained in how to administer a performance review.

ANS: F

Managers need to be trained in how to administer a performance review.

Leadership Principles

80. Managers should be given specific and clear instructions on procedures for conducting performance reviews.

ANS: T  Leadership Principles

81. Procedural and interactional justice has been found not to have an effect on the attitudes of workers who survive a layoff.


ANS: F

Procedural and interactional justice has been found to have an effect on the attitudes of workers who survive a layoff. That will depend on how they perceive the treatment of layed off employees.


82. Ethics and diversity are independent of organizational culture.


ANS: F

Organizational culture is affected by both of these aspects in many ways.


83. A large majority of generation Y high school respondents admit that their personal behaviors do not match their ethical ideals and aspirations.


ANS: F

In a recent study, a large majority of Gen Y high school respondents admitted that their personal behaviors do match their ethical attitudes and aspirations.


84. If an employee voluntarily has sex with a manager, it clearly shows that the employee was not sexually harassed.


ANS: F

This is not always true; especially if the employee was unreceptive to initial advances.

The five basic vertical parts of an organization

91. Across Cultures Competency “Eureka” discusses the leadership challenges faced during take over and globalization by the Swedish Electrolux company.

ANS: T  Strategy

92. In Across Cultures Competency “Eureka” the Italian management used a highly mechanistic style when making decisions.

ANS: T  Strategy

93. In the Across Culture Competency “Eureka” the new management from Electrolux used a mechantic style.

ANS: F

In the Across Culture Competency “Eureka” the new management from Electrolux used an organic style of leadership.

Strategy

94. The five basic vertical parts of an organization are hierarchy, span of control, authority, delegation and centralization or decentralization.

ANS: T  Strategy

95. In Communication Competency “Dreamworks Animation SKG” uses a design.

ANS: T Strategy

96. Network-designed organizations seek to maintain full control over all activities in the production process.

ANS: F

Network-designed organizations do not seek to maintain full control over all activities in the production process.

Strategy

Most commonly used types of horizontal organization design.

61. According to Ethics Competency “Enron,” the company did billions of dollars worth of bad deals.

ANS: T

62. The number of employees reporting directly to one manager is referred to as authority.

ANS: F

The number of employees reporting directly to one manager is referred to as the span of control.

 Strategy

63. When the span of control is narrow, relatively few levels exist between the top and bottom of the organization.

ANS: F

When the span of control is broad, relatively few levels exist between the top and bottom of the organization.

Strategy
64. In Ethics Competency “Enron” Ethics Competency top management is convicted for making poor deals look profitable.

ANS: T  Strategy
65. Geographic design involves the creation of positions, teams, and departments on the basis of specialized activities.

ANS: F

Functional design involves the creation of positions, teams, and departments on the basis of specialized activities. 

Strategy

66. Functional, product, geographic and network are the three most commonly used types of horizontal design.


ANS: T | Strategy

What is Team building?

61. Three methods for promoting change are interpersonal, team, and organizational methods.

ANS: T
 AACSB Analytic | Operations Management

62. Three interpersonal methods that have proven important in overcoming resistance to change are: empathy and support, communication, and participation and involvement.

ANS: T
AACSB Analytic | Operations Management

63. Introducing a specific change, such as a new software system, is the primary objective of survey feedback.

ANS: F

The primary objective of survey feedback is to improve relationships through a process of information sharing.

AACSB Analytic | Operations Management


64. Because of its value in organizational diagnosis, survey feedback often is utilized as part of large-scale, long-term change programs in combination with other approaches and techniques.

ANS: T 

AACSB Analytic | Operations Management

65. Team building is a process by which members of a work group or team are picked because they all have a similar personality.

ANS: F

Team building is a process by which members of a work group or team diagnose how they work together and plan changes to improve their effectiveness.

AACSB Analytic | Operations Management
66. Team building begins when members recognize a problem.

ANS: T
 AACSB Analytic | Operations Management

Change programs must have an impact on employee roles

55. According to the Change competency: Target, in order to understand the consumer, Target created a “creative cabinet,” a secret team of 12 diverse customers.

ANS: T 

Analytic | Operations Management


56. According to the Change competency: Target, Target wants to be known as the king of logistics with enough muscle to force vendors to deliver on price.

ANS: F

This describes Walmart. Target wants to be known as the king that delivers a great experience and offers exciting products that are unique to customers.


Analytic | Operations Management
57. Organizational diagnosis is the process of assessing the functioning of the organization, department, team, or job to discover the sources of problems and areas for improvement.


ANS: T
AACSB Analytic | Operations Management

58. Information needed to diagnose organizational problems may be gathered only from the organization’s records.

ANS: F

Information needed to diagnose organizational problems may be gathered by questionnaires, interviews, or observation—and from the organization’s records.


AACSB Analytic | Operations Management


59. When employees are satisfied with the status quo and perceive high personal risk in change, their readiness for change probably would be low.

ANS: T 

AACSB Analytic | Operations Management


60. To be successful, change programs must have an impact on employee roles, responsibilities, and working relationships.

ANS: T 

AACSB Analytic | Operations Management

If an employee voluntarily has sex with a manager, is it clearly shows the employee was not sexually harassed?

83. A large majority of generation Y high school respondents admit that their personal behaviors do not match their ethical ideals and aspirations.

ANS: F

In a recent study, a large majority of Gen Y high school respondents admitted that their personal behaviors do match their ethical attitudes and aspirations.

84. If an employee voluntarily has sex with a manager, it clearly shows that the employee was not sexually harassed.

ANS: F

This is not always true; especially if the employee was unreceptive to initial advances.


1 In LED TV Inc. Experience: Anne Mulcahy, Chairman and Former CEO of LED TV Commits to Business Ethics: Which of the following are services that LED TV provides?


a. LED TV makes printers, copiers and fax machines


b. LED TV sells document software


c. LED TV provides consulting and document outsourcing


d. All of these are services offered by LED TV

ANS: D

2. In Digital Cam Experience: Andrea Mullar, Chairman and Former CEO of Digital Camera Commits to Business Ethics: Which of the following is not true regarding Andrea Mullar?


a. She was appointed CEO at the pinnacle of the Digital Camera company’s success.


b. She believes that the lack of transparency was responsible for Digital Camera ’s financial difficulties.


c. She was the first woman CEO chosen as Chief Executive of the year by Chief Executive magazine.


d. None of these are true.

ANS:    A :She was appointed CEO at the pinnacle of the Digital Camera company’s success.

Only Ethics and diversity are not independent of organizational culture

79. Managers typically do not need to be trained in how to administer a performance review.


ANS: F

Managers need to be trained in how to administer a performance review.


80. Managers should be given specific and clear instructions on procedures for conducting performance reviews.


ANS: T

81. Procedural and interactional justice has been found not to have an effect on the attitudes of workers who survive a layoff.


ANS: F

Procedural and interactional justice has been found to have an effect on the attitudes of workers who survive a layoff. That will depend on how they perceive the treatment of layed off employees.


82. Ethics and diversity are independent of organizational culture.


ANS: F

Organizational culture is affected by both of these aspects in many ways.

Social skills refer to the ability of a person to influence others.

82. Agreeableness refers to the ability of a person to influence others.

ANS: F

Social skills refer to the ability of a person to influence others.

83. Social skills refer to the ability of a person to influence others.

ANS: T

84. In the Teams Competency: Why Personality is Important at Starbucks, Starbucks trains employees to work independently, with little interactions with fellow co-workers.

ANS: F

In the Teams Competency: Why Personality is Important at Starbucks, Starbucks trains employees on how to treat one another.

85. In the Teams Competency: Why Personality is Important at Starbucks, the organization’s focus on hiring people who can focus on completing their tasks indicates that the organization values extraversion in its employees.

ANS: F

The organization’s focus on hiring people who can focus on completing their tasks indicates that the organization values conscientiousness in its employees.

86. Leaders or groups should not try to change or otherwise directly control employee personality.

ANS: T

Social and group experiences generally play roles in personality

44. Social and group experiences generally do not play a role in personality development in later life.

ANS: F

Social and group experiences have an influence on personality development in later life.

45. The development of gender role orientation depends on a series of experiences that include the opportunity to achieve goals, meet expectations, and develop a clear sense of being valued by others.

ANS: F

The development of self-esteem depends on a series of experiences that include the opportunity to achieve goals, meet expectations, and develop a clear sense of being valued by others.

46. In the Self Competency, David Neeleman of JetBlue, the CEO is rarely seen on flights flying the plane.


ANS: F

David Neeleman of JetBlue, the CEO can be seen frequently on flights serving drinks and snacks along with the crew.

47. In the Self Competency, David Neeleman of JetBlue, the CEO grew up in the slums of Brazil.

ANS: F

David Neeleman grew up in a rich part of Brazil but later served as a missionary in the poor parts of the country. That experience affected his personality and the way he runs Jet Blue.

48. The structure of personality is summarized in a set of descriptions, known as the "Big Five" personality factors.

ANS: T

49. The term "personality preference" typically refers to the basic components of personality, and not to the overall structure of personality.

ANS: F

Theories of personality often attempt to describe the differences between people.

Learning from Experience: Steve Jobs at Apple, Jobs was thrown out of Apple in 1985 because of his “personality” clashes with others.

ANS: T

  In Learning from Experience: Steve Jobs at Apple, Jean-Louis Gassée, a former Apple executive, who once worked with Jobs described him as a “quiet and competent leader”.

ANS: F

Gassée actually described Jobs as a “competent tyrrant”

Individual differences are the personal attributes that are the same within a population, but vary between cultures.

ANS: F

Individual differences are the physical, personality, attitudinal and emotional attributes that vary from one person to another.

No single definition of personality is accepted universally.

ANS: T

There is only one definition of personality that is accepted by all experts.

ANS: F

No single definition of personality is accepted universally.

Personality theory is an attempt to understand specific behaviors only related to job performance.

ANS: F

Personality theory is an attempt to understand all people's behavior under all circumstances.

Theories of personality often attempt to describe the differences between people.

ANS: F

Theories of personality often attempt to describe what people have in common, rather than what sets them apart.

Tend to make organizational commitment stronger

121. Over time, all of the following tend to make organizational commitment stronger except:

a.	individuals develop deeper ties to their organization and coworkers as they spend more time with them
b.	seniority often brings advantages that tend to develop more positive work attitudes
c.	opportunities in the job market may increase with age, causing workers to become less attached to their current job
d.	all of these contribute to making organizational commitment stronger

ANS:  C                   

122.   Charles manages a department that includes about a dozen computer programmers. Over the past year, he has noticed that turnover among his programmers has increased by 75%. This has proven puzzling to him, since the performance of the department and all of its programmers has consistently been very high. During informal discussions with some of the remaining programmers, Charles has determined that the programmers who have been leaving have not complained about pay, relationships with coworkers or supervisors, or working conditions. In fact, they have said that they were generally happy with what they were doing. On the other hand, they have been concerned with the company's failure to adopt the latest technological advances in hardware and software that would allow them to maintain their programming skills at the cutting edge. Most of the workers who have left have gone to work for companies that are using the latest technology. In this organization, the increased turnover appears to be the result of problems in the area of:

a.	immoral management
b.	job security
c.	organizational commitment
d.	job satisfaction

ANS:    C

Whar are the three components of an attitude?

92. Attitudes are defined as:

a.	affective and behavioral responses to people, groups, ideas, issues, or objects
b.	relatively lasting feelings, beliefs, and behavioral tendencies aimed at specific people, groups, ideas, issues, or objects
c.	transitory feelings, beliefs, and behavioral tendencies directed toward specific people, groups, ideas, issues, or objects
d.	transitory emotional reactions to people or events

ANS:  B                   

   93.   Attitudes consist of ____ components.

a.	two
b.	three
c.	five
d.	seven

ANS:  B                   

   94.   The three components of an attitude are:

a.	cognitive, sympathetic, and emotional
b.	emotional, behavioral, and intelligence
c.	effective, cognitive, and behavioral
d.	behavioral, cognitive, and affective

ANS:  D                   

   95.   The concept of attitude consists of three components, which are affective, behavioral, and:

a.	cognitive
b.	environmental
c.	intellectual
d.	dispositional

ANS:    A

What are introversion and extroversion?

    66.   Andrew is developing a personality test to be used for research purposes in his organization. He hopes to use the instrument to identify individuals who would be open to new ideas and be able to come up with creative solutions to problems. Andrew should probably include traits in the test that measure the personality factor of:

a.	introversion-extroversion
b.	sociability
c.	extraversion
d.	intellectual openness

ANS:  D                   

   67.   Sharlene is developing a personality test to be used for research purposes in her organization. She hopes to use the instrument to identify individuals who would perform well as security guards. Sharlene should probably include traits in the test that measure the personality factor of:

a.	agreeableness
b.	conscientiousness
c.	intellectual openness
d.	sociability

ANS:  B                  

   68.   Dr. Xu is developing a personality profile to be used as one of several screening devices in the hiring of research scientists for Texas Instruments. In order to maximize the probability of measuring personality dimensions that would be related to appropriate differences in the job performance of research scientists (which primarily involves unconventional insights and creative problem solving), Dr. Xu should probably include traits on the test that measure the personality factor of:

a.	intellectual openness
b.	sociability
c.	adjustment
d.	agreeableness

ANS:  A