Through contingent rewards, transactional leaders identify paths that link the achievement of goals to rewards, clarify expectations, exchange promises and resources for support, arrange mutually satisfactory agreements, negotiate for resources, exchange assistance for effort, and provide commendation for successful performance.
Through active management by exception, transactional leaders actively monitor the work performed by subordinates, use corrective methods if deviations from expected standards occur, and enforce rules to prevent mistakes. Through passive management by exception, transactional leaders intervene after unacceptable performance or deviations from accepted standards occur.
Authentic leadership involves influencing followers' attitudes and behaviors through the core interrelated processes of identification, hope, trust, positive emotions, and optimism. These leaders know and understand themselves; they know what they believe and value, and act on their values and beliefs through open and honest communications with subordinates and others. They are highly ethical leaders.
Through active management by exception, transactional leaders actively monitor the work performed by subordinates, use corrective methods if deviations from expected standards occur, and enforce rules to prevent mistakes. Through passive management by exception, transactional leaders intervene after unacceptable performance or deviations from accepted standards occur.
Authentic leadership involves influencing followers' attitudes and behaviors through the core interrelated processes of identification, hope, trust, positive emotions, and optimism. These leaders know and understand themselves; they know what they believe and value, and act on their values and beliefs through open and honest communications with subordinates and others. They are highly ethical leaders.